[2001-03-07] Zrajm C Akfohg, translated from French using Alta Vista Babelfish
ISO 8859-1 (Latin-1) Character Table
This list show the Decimal and Hex codes for all the ISO Latin-1
characters. Note, in HTML, that any ISO Latin-1 character can be
written as »xx;«, where »xxx« is the decimal code of the character.
There is also an HTML entities test
document, that uses all the defined HTML entitity references. You
can use this page to test a browser's support for entity references.
Char Oct Dec Hex HTML Description
==== === === === ==== ===========
NUL 000 0 00 (communication) null
SOH 001 1 01 (communication) start of header
STX 002 2 02 (communication) start of text
ETX 003 3 03 (communication) end of text
EOT 004 4 04 (communication) end of transmission
ENQ 005 5 05 (communication) enquiry
ACK 006 6 06 (communication) positive acknowledge
BEL 007 7 07 (various) bell
BS 010 8 08 (format) backspace
HT 011 9 09 (format) horizontal tabulation
LF 012 10 0a (format) line feed (newline)
VT 013 11 0b (format) vertical tabulation
FF 014 12 0c (format) form feed (new page)
CR 015 13 0d (format) carriage return
SO 016 14 0e (extension) shift out (serial out?)
SI 017 15 0f (extension) shift in (serial in?)
DLE 020 16 10 (communication) data link escape
DC1 021 17 11 (peripheral) device control 1 (also XON)
DC2 022 18 12 (peripheral) device control 2
DC3 023 19 13 (peripheral) device control 3 (also XOFF)
DC4 024 20 14 (peripheral) device control 4
NAK 025 21 15 (communication) negative acknowledge
SYN 026 22 16 (communication) synchronization (synchronous idle?)
ETB 027 23 17 (communication) end of transmitted block
CAN 030 24 18 (various) cancel
EM 031 25 19 (separation) end of medium
SUB 032 26 1a (various) substitute
ESC 033 27 1b (extension) escape
FS 034 28 1c (separation) file separator
GS 035 29 1d (separation) group separator
RS 036 30 1e (separation) record separator (request to send?)
US 037 31 1f (separation) unit separator
SP 040 32 20 (format) space
! 041 33 21
" 042 34 22 "
# 043 35 23
$ 044 36 24
% 045 37 25
& 046 38 26 &
' 047 39 27
( 050 40 28
) 051 41 29
* 052 42 2a
+ 053 43 2b
, 054 44 2c
- 055 45 2d
. 056 46 2e
/ 057 47 2f
0 060 48 30
1 061 49 31
2 062 50 32
3 063 51 33
4 064 52 34
5 065 53 35
6 066 54 36
7 067 55 37
8 070 56 38
9 071 57 39
: 072 58 3a
; 073 59 3b
< 074 60 3c <
= 075 61 3d
> 076 62 3e >
? 077 63 3f
@ 100 64 40
A 101 65 41
B 102 66 42
C 103 67 43
D 104 68 44
E 105 69 45
F 106 70 46
G 107 71 47
H 110 72 48
I 111 73 49
J 112 74 4a
K 113 75 4b
L 114 76 4c
M 115 77 4d
N 116 78 4e
O 117 79 4f
P 120 80 50
Q 121 81 51
R 122 82 52
S 123 83 53
T 124 84 54
U 125 85 55
V 126 86 56
W 127 87 57
X 130 88 58
Y 131 89 59
Z 132 90 5a
[ 133 91 5b
\ 134 92 5c
] 135 93 5d
^ 136 94 5e
_ 137 95 5f
` 140 96 60
a 141 97 61
b 142 98 62
c 143 99 63
d 144 100 64
e 145 101 65
f 146 102 66
g 147 103 67
h 150 104 68
i 151 105 69
j 152 106 6a
k 153 107 6b
l 154 108 6c
m 155 109 6d
n 156 110 6e
o 157 111 6f
p 160 112 70
q 161 113 71
r 162 114 72
s 163 115 73
t 164 116 74
u 165 117 75
v 166 118 76
w 167 119 77
x 170 120 78
y 171 121 79
z 172 122 7a
{ 173 123 7b
| 174 124 7c
} 175 125 7d
~ 176 126 7e
DEL 177 127 7f (various) delete
-- 128 80
-- 129 81
-- 130 82
-- 131 83
-- 132 84
-- 133 85
-- 134 86
-- 135 87
-- 136 88
-- 137 89
-- 138 8a
-- 139 8b
-- 140 8c
-- 141 8d
-- 142 8e
-- 143 8f
-- 144 90
-- 145 91
-- 146 92
-- 147 93
-- 148 94
-- 149 95
-- 150 96
-- 151 97
-- 152 98
-- 153 99
-- 154 9a
-- 155 9b
-- 156 9c
-- 157 9d
-- 158 9e
-- 159 9f
160 a0 no-break space
¡ 161 a1 ¡ inverted exclamation mark
¢ 162 a2 ¢ cent sign
£ 163 a3 £ pound sterling sign
¤ 164 a4 ¤ general currency sign
¥ 165 a5 ¥ yen sign
¦ 166 a6 ¦ broken (vertical) bar
§ 167 a7 § section sign
¨ 168 a8 ¨ umlaut (dieresis)
© 169 a9 © copyright sign
ª 170 aa ª ordinal indicatorfeminine
« 171 ab « angle quotation markleft
¬ 172 ac ¬ not sign
173 ad soft hyphen
® 174 ae ® registered sign
¯ 175 af ¯ macron
° 176 b0 ° degree sign
± 177 b1 ± plus-or-minus sign
² 178 b2 ² superscript two
³ 179 b3 ³ superscript three
´ 180 b4 ´ acute accent
µ 181 b5 µ micro sign
¶ 182 b6 ¶ pilcrow (paragraph sign)
· 183 b7 · middle dot
¸ 184 b8 ¸ cedilla
¹ 185 b9 ¹ superscript one
º 186 ba º ordinal indicatormasculine
» 187 bb » angle quotation markright
¼ 188 bc ¼ fraction one-quarter
½ 189 bd ½ fraction one-half
¾ 190 be ¾ fraction three-quarters
¿ 191 bf ¿ inverted question mark
À 192 c0 À capital Agrave accent
Á 193 c1 Á capital Aacute accent
 194 c2  capital Acircumflex accent
à 195 c3 à capital Atilde
Ä 196 c4 Ä capital Adieresis or umlaut mark
Å 197 c5 Å capital Aring
Æ 198 c6 Æ capital AE diphthong (ligature)
Ç 199 c7 Ç capital Ccedilla
È 200 c8 È capital Egrave accent
É 201 c9 É capital Eacute accent
Ê 202 ca Ê capital Ecircumflex accent
Ë 203 cb Ë capital Edieresis or umlaut mark
Ì 204 cc Ì capital Igrave accent
Í 205 cd Í capital Iacute accent
Î 206 ce Î capital Icircumflex accent
Ï 207 cf Ï capital Idieresis or umlaut mark
Ð 208 d0 Ð capital EthIcelandic
Ñ 209 d1 Ñ capital Ntilde
Ò 210 d2 Ò capital Ograve accent
Ó 211 d3 Ó capital Oacute accent
Ô 212 d4 Ô capital Ocircumflex accent
Õ 213 d5 Õ capital Otilde
Ö 214 d6 Ö capital Odieresis or umlaut mark
× 215 d7 × multiply sign
Ø 216 d8 Ø capital Oslash
Ù 217 d9 Ù capital Ugrave accent
Ú 218 da Ú capital Uacute accent
Û 219 db Û capital Ucircumflex accent
Ü 220 dc Ü capital Udieresis or umlaut mark
Ý 221 dd Ý capital Yacute accent
Þ 222 de Þ capital THORNIcelandic
ß 223 df ß small sharp sGerman (sz ligature)
à 224 e0 à small agrave accent
á 225 e1 á small aacute accent
â 226 e2 â small acircumflex accent
ã 227 e3 ã small atilde
ä 228 e4 ä small adieresis or umlaut mark
å 229 e5 å small aring
æ 230 e6 æ small ae diphthong (ligature)
ç 231 e7 ç small ccedilla
è 232 e8 è small egrave accent
é 233 e9 é small eacute accent
ê 234 ea ê small ecircumflex accent
ë 235 eb ë small edieresis or umlaut mark
ì 236 ec ì small igrave accent
í 237 ed í small iacute accent
î 238 ee î small icircumflex accent
ï 239 ef ï small idieresis or umlaut mark
ð 240 f0 ð small ethIcelandic
ñ 241 f1 ñ small ntilde
ò 242 f2 ò small ograve accent
ó 243 f3 ó small oacute accent
ô 244 f4 ô small ocircumflex accent
õ 245 f5 õ small otilde
ö 246 f6 ö small odieresis or umlaut mark
÷ 247 f7 ÷ divide sign
ø 248 f8 ø small oslash
ù 249 f9 ù small ugrave accent
ú 250 fa ú small uacute accent
û 251 fb û small ucircumflex accent
ü 252 fc ü small udieresis or umlaut mark
ý 253 fd ý small yacute accent
þ 254 fe þ small thornIcelandic
ÿ 255 ff ÿ small ydieresis or umlaut mark
The ASCII Code:
The character set is made of a whole of control characters and natures
graphic. The whole of the control characters is made of six families:
Format commands:
CR carriage return
LF line feed
BS backspace
HT horizontal tabulation
VT vertical tabulation
SP space
FF form feed
The name »carriage return« arrives straight of the time of the
typewriters, where the position of writing was fixed and where paper
was related to a carriage. The character »carriage return« is the
command making it possible to put the position of writing at the
beginning of line, without changing line. The character »line feed«
puts the position of writing on the following line, without going at
the beginning of line. To obtain the effect of <>, one thus needs a character »carriage return« followed by a
»line feed« (or the reverse). In the UNIX system , the character
chosen by convention as meaning << passage to the next line >> is the
character »line feed«, and it is the responsibility of the pilots of
peripherals to replace this logical character characters necessary to
obtain a passage to the following line thereafter. Let us take the
case of a pilot of terminal screen keyboard:
- on input: usual convention is to make a passage to the line year
pressing on the key carriage return. The pilot of terminal:
1. send to the program which carries out the reading a line feed .
2. send to the screen (as an echo of this carriage return) the
sequence line feed followed carriage return.
- on output: the pilot of terminal transforms the line feed into line
feed followed carriage return
By abuse language, in the world C and/or UNIX, one often uses the term
»newline« to actually indicate »line feed«. But that it is quite clear
that standard ANSI does not comprise character called »newline«.
Code extension commands:
SO shift out
SI shift in
ESC escape
The character »escape« was largely used by the designers of
keyboard/screen terminals and printers to increase the number of
commands. The technique consists in defining escape sequences formed
of the character escape followed of certain numbers ordinary
characters which lose their usual significance.
Separation control:
FS file separator
GS group separator
RS record separator
US unit separator
EM end of medium
The purpose of these characters are to separate the various units from
information on tapes. They are obsolete nowadays, the programs of
filing (tar, cpio) using their own format without calling upon these
characters.
Commands for synchronous communication:
SOH start of header
STX start of text
ETX end of text
EOT end of transmission
ETB end of transmitted block
ENQ enquiry
ACK positive acknowledge
NAK negative acknowledge
SYN synchronisation
DLE data link escape
NUL null
The first 10 commands were create to build frames of communication
between machines connected by synchronous lines. They are completely
obsolete nowadays, where the communications are done thanks to
networks whose frames do not use these characters.
The last command null was useful at the time of the teleprinters whose
time of return of the carriage was larger than the time of impression
of an unspecified nature. For having sent a carriage return, it was
necessary to send several null (according to the speed of the line) to
be sure that the carriage had returned well at the beginning of line!
Peripheral commands:
DC1 device control 1
DC2 device control 2
DC3 device control 3
DC4 device control 4
These characters were designed to give commands specific to certain
peripherals. At the time of the teleprinters, those had a paper tape
reader-punch paper. The codes »device control« were used to control
this reader-punch.
Nowadays »device control 3« and »device control 1« are used under the
respective names of »XON« and »XOFF« to carry out control of flow. The
characters »device control 3« and »device control 1« are assigned to
the keys Control-Q and Control-S of the keyboard. When a pilot of
keyboard/screen terminal manages the control of flow, the user can
type Control-S to make stop a too fast output (to give time to read it
on the screen), and make it continue by typing Control-Q .
Various commands:
CAN cancel
SUB substitute
DEL delete
BEL bell
There are two characters which are usually used to fulfill the
function of erasure of the preceding (erroneous) character:
»backspace« and »delete«. According to the character which is easiest
to type on its keyboard, the user will wish to choose one or the
other. The character »backspace« can on any keyboard be obtained by
Control-H, whereas there is no corresponding Controlcombination
corresponding to the character »delete«. According to keyboards',
there can be a key marked »backspace«, and/or a key marked »delete«,
or a key marked <-- which generate »backspace« or »delete«, and which
may, in some cases, be configured by the terminal set-up to generate
either »backspace« or »delete«.
A UNIX user uses the command stty to indicate to the operating system
the character which it wishes to carry out the function of erasure of
character.
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